East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) index (Zhang et al., 2003): MODES forecast --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Observation (NECP-I) 2018Feb -0.20 2018Mar 2.16 2018Apr -0.11 2018May -1.28 2018Jun 1.13 2018Jul 2.30 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prediction (MODES) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- * BCC CFS EC 2018Aug 0.83 1.08 1.81 2018Sep 0.66 0.50 0.99 2018Oct -0.10 0.10 -0.47 2018Nov 0.04 -0.84 -0.32 2018Dec 0.21 0.04 0.19 2019Jan -0.25 0.01 0.79 2019Feb -0.03 0.23 0.42